Alpha Arbutin 2% + HA is a water-based serum specifically designed to target uneven skin tone and dark spots. It combines a high concentration of purified alpha arbutin, a well-known skin-brightening ingredient, with hyaluronic acid. Purified alpha-arbutin works to visibly even skin tone and improve skin radiance. Meanwhile, hyaluronic acid helps to support product absorption into the skin. Note: Alpha Arbutin is extremely sensitive to degradation in the presence of water if the pH of the formulation is not ideal. The pH of this formula has been shown to be the most suitable pH to minimize degradation of Alpha Arbutin.